S3B3. Understands asexual and sexual reproduction (e.g. in terms of how traits are passed to offspring- heredity, and the advantages/disadvantages of both).
The hereditary traits pass from parent to their children during their reproduction. Their eye colors and skin colors and everything are inheirtied from their parents. Everything including you, are made up of traits. Half of genetics are from your dad and the other half are from your mom. We have 23 pairs of chromosomes. Genes control all traits, also the ones you can't see, such as stomach.
Asexual reproduction is much faster and easier, because they don't need partner to produce. They also can save their energy. During asexual reproduction, mitosis happends which copies the cells identically and then splits into two. So, the offspring are identical to their parents. Their genes are the same unless there is a mutation. It's most common in plants, but some animals do also. Advantages of asexual reproduction include being faster and easier, and also that they use less energy. The bad thing about asexual reproduction is the organism doesn't evolve quickly like sexual reproduction organisms. They only change if there is a mutation. Sometimes, an asexual organism, like a plant, doesn't travel in a big area and the offspring uses the same nutrients as their parents.
Sexual reproduction involves two partners. For sexual reproduction, we have mitosis and meiosis and meiosis happens in sexual reproduction cells. Meiosis divides the nucleus twice and forms 4 sex cells. Each of these sex cells has half of the chromosomes. When sexual reproduction happens, then both partners give half of the chromosomes to the new offspring. So it's different that asexual reproduction because each offsprings can be different in future generations. Natural selection and evolution are the biggest advantages of sexual reproduction. The DNA changes each generation, so the organisms can change to do better in the environment. It might also do worse, but this organism will probably die, which is natural selection. A disadvantage is that sexual reproduction takes so much energy. After giving birth, the mother is very weak and in nature she is vulnerable, which means it's easy for something to attack her.
S3B4. Knows where heredity information is contained and the different ways in which inherited traits of an individual are determined. Genes keep all the hereditary information. A gene is a small section of the DNA. This means DNA hold all of our genes and hereditary information. Genes and DNA are in the chromosomes and chromosomes are always in pairs. Each part of the pair has a similar gene to the other part, but not always the same information. We call each of this an allele. Alleles either can be dominant or recessive. A dominant allele masks the recessive allele. For example, if a flower can have two colors and the dominant allele is purple color and the recessive is white, if we have both of this genes, then the flower will be purple. The recessive white gene, is masked. If we have two of the same allele, then the color would be the same. When we look at people's eye colors, this is also good example of a dominant and recessive genes.
S3B5. Knows that the characteristics of an organism can be describe in terms of a combination of traits; some traits are inherited through the coding of genetic material and others result from environmental factors.
S3B3. Understands asexual and sexual reproduction (e.g. in terms of how traits are passed to offspring- heredity, and the advantages/disadvantages of both).
The hereditary traits pass from parent to their children during their reproduction. Their eye colors and skin colors and everything are inheirtied from their parents. Everything including you, are made up of traits. Half of genetics are from your dad and the other half are from your mom. We have 23 pairs of chromosomes. Genes control all traits, also the ones you can't see, such as stomach.
Asexual reproduction is much faster and easier, because they don't need partner to produce. They also can save their energy. During asexual reproduction, mitosis happends which copies the cells identically and then splits into two. So, the offspring are identical to their parents. Their genes are the same unless there is a mutation. It's most common in plants, but some animals do also. Advantages of asexual reproduction include being faster and easier, and also that they use less energy. The bad thing about asexual reproduction is the organism doesn't evolve quickly like sexual reproduction organisms. They only change if there is a mutation. Sometimes, an asexual organism, like a plant, doesn't travel in a big area and the offspring uses the same nutrients as their parents.
Sexual reproduction involves two partners. For sexual reproduction, we have mitosis and meiosis and meiosis happens in sexual reproduction cells. Meiosis divides the nucleus twice and forms 4 sex cells. Each of these sex cells has half of the chromosomes. When sexual reproduction happens, then both partners give half of the chromosomes to the new offspring. So it's different that asexual reproduction because each offsprings can be different in future generations. Natural selection and evolution are the biggest advantages of sexual reproduction. The DNA changes each generation, so the organisms can change to do better in the environment. It might also do worse, but this organism will probably die, which is natural selection. A disadvantage is that sexual reproduction takes so much energy. After giving birth, the mother is very weak and in nature she is vulnerable, which means it's easy for something to attack her.
S3B4. Knows where heredity information is contained and the different ways in which inherited traits of an individual are determined.
Genes keep all the hereditary information. A gene is a small section of the DNA. This means DNA hold all of our genes and hereditary information. Genes and DNA are in the chromosomes and chromosomes are always in pairs. Each part of the pair has a similar gene to the other part, but not always the same information. We call each of this an allele. Alleles either can be dominant or recessive. A dominant allele masks the recessive allele. For example, if a flower can have two colors and the dominant allele is purple color and the recessive is white, if we have both of this genes, then the flower will be purple. The recessive white gene, is masked. If we have two of the same allele, then the color would be the same. When we look at people's eye colors, this is also good example of a dominant and recessive genes.
S3B5. Knows that the characteristics of an organism can be describe in terms of a combination of traits; some traits are inherited through the coding of genetic material and others result from environmental factors.